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    March 22nd, 2010

    Sejarah Singkat Satuan Resimen Mahasiswa Universitas

    Gadjah Mada

    Resimen Mahasiswa merupakan organisasi yang terbentuk dari embrio TRIP, Tentara Pelajar, dan corps mahasiswa pada masa perang kemerdekaan. Dari dasar itulah Menwa Indonesia dipersiapkan dan dibentuk sebagai pasukan untuk bertempur melawan musuh dan langsung terjun ke lapangan untuk mempertahankan keutuhan NKRI. Ketika masa Tritura Menwa Indonesia ikut serta dalam mobilisasi ke daerah perbatasan setelah perang kemerdekaan tahun 1960-an, Menwa Indonesia merubah visi  dan misinya sebagai suatu pasukan cadangan Nasional di bawah Komando TNI. Kemudian Menwa hadir di kalangan civitas akademika sebagai wujud bela Negara.  Ketika wajib latih mahasiswa dan pembentukan Resimen Mahasiswa dari tahun 1959 s/d 1965 lahirlah peraturan yang mewajibkan pembentukan Menwa di setiap Kodam  di Indonesia. Pembentukan Resimen Mahasiwa Mahakarta dimulai sejak tahun 1962 dengan diadakannya pertemuan antara Dewan atau Senat Akademik beberapa Perguruan Tinggi yang  ada di Yogyakarta yang meghasilkan pembentukan Resimen Pembangunan pada tanggal 15 Januari 1962 secara de-facto dan de-jure berdirilah Resimen Pembangunan  Mahakarta. Ketika itu Prof. Herman Yohannes yag menjabat sebagai Rektor UGM dilantik sebagai Komandan Resimen Pembangunan Mahakarta oleh Letjen TNI Ahmad  Yani pada tanggal 10 Januari 1963. Setahun kemudian Resimen Pembangunan diikutsertakan dalam mobilisasi umum di daerah Irian Barat dan perbatasan Kalimatan. Pada tahun 1977 keluarlah Surat Ketetapan Bersama 3 Menteri yaitu Menteri P dan K, Menteri Pertahanan dan Menteri Dalam Negeri mengenai pembentukan Resimen  Mahasiswa di setiap Perguruan Tinggi di Indonesia yang berkonsep pada Bela Negara, sedangkan Resimen Mahasiswa Mahakarta Yogyakarta resmi terbentuk tanggal  19 April 1977 meskipun Menwa di DIY telah ada sejak 10 Januari 1963. Komando Resimen Mahasiswa Mahakarta Batalyon 1 Universitas Gadjah Mada terbentuk secara resmi pada tanggal 8 September 1977 yang dikomandani oleh Budi  Setiono sebagai yudha perintis. Perjalanan Menwa UGM dalam mendidik dan melatih anggotanya telah membuahkan hasil dengan mengikutsertakan anggota-anggotanya  dalam misi kemanusiaan seperti pengiriman pasukan ke Timur Tengah pada tahun 1978 dan 1979 yang tergabung dalam pasukan Garuda dengan konsep bela Negara. Menwa UGM melakukan berbagi kegiatan kemanusiaan dalam program bakti Menwa yang seperti dalam Program Pembangunan masyarakat Timor Timur pada tahun 1997 dan  ikut serta membantu korban bencana gempa dan tsunami di NAD dan gempa di Yogyakarta pada Mei tahun 2006.serta siaga merapi yang tergabung dalam tim Basarnas. Perubahan nama Batalyon Menwa menjadi Satuan Menwa berawal dari keluarnya SKB 3 Menteri tahun 1994 yang tertuang dalam Juklak Menwa Indonesia tentang pembinaan dan penggunaan Resimen Mahasiswa dalam Bela Negara yang merubah nama Batalyon Menwa menjadi Satuan Menwa secara Nasional. Perubahan nama Batalyon  menjadi Satuan pun diikuti Menwa UGM dengan nama Satmenwa UGM. Dalam perjalanan 30 tahun Menwa UGM berbagai prestasi telah berhasil ditorehkan baik dalam tingkat Regional, Nasional, maupun Interasional, dengan semboyan  Prajna Vira Dharma Cevana, ( Pejuang Pemikir dan Pemikir Pejuang Satmenwa UGM ingin memberikan yang terbaik untuk bumi pertiwi Indonesia.

    Dengan Visi sebagai Unit Kegiatan Mahasiswa berbasis kepemimpinan, Sebagai wujud Bela Negara dalam rangka Pembentukan Sumber Daya manusia yang unggul dalam  kepribadian, Intelektual, dan jasmani. Dan visi Melaksanakan Pendidikan dan pelatihan Bela Negara sebagai wadah pembentukan profil Mahasiswa yang tanggap,  tanggon dan trengginas, Merencanakan, melaksanakan dan mengembangkan kegiatan kemahasiswaan, terutama dalam bidang minat kepemimpinan, terutama penalaran dan  kesejahteraan serta mewujudkan pengabdian kepada Perguruan Tinggi, Masyarakat, Bangsa dan Negara Satmenwa UGM ingin tumbuh dan berkembang bersama Menwa Menwa Indonesia lainnya.

    March 22nd, 2010

    HTML 4.01 Quick List

    HTML 4.01 Quick List


    HTML Quick List from W3Schools. Print it, fold it, and put it in your pocket.


    HTML Basic Document

    <html>
    <head>
    <title>Document name goes here</title>
    </head>

    <body>
    Visible text goes here…
    </body>

    </html>

    Heading Elements

    <h1>Largest Heading</h1>

    <h2> . . . </h2>
    <h3> . . . </h3>
    <h4> . . . </h4>
    <h5> . . . </h5>

    <h6>Smallest Heading</h6>

    Text Elements

    <p>This is a paragraph</p>
    <br /> (line break)
    <hr /> (horizontal rule)
    <pre>This text is preformatted</pre>

    Logical Styles

    <em>This text is emphasized</em>
    <strong>This text is strong</strong>
    <code>This is some computer code</code>

    Physical Styles

    <b>This text is bold</b>
    <i>This text is italic</i>

    Links, Anchors, and Image Elements

    <a href=”http://www.example.com/”>This is a Link</a>
    <a href=”http://www.example.com/”><img src=”URL” alt=”Alternate Text”></a>
    <a href=”mailto:webmaster@example.com”>Send e-mail</a>

    A named anchor:
    <a name=”tips”>Useful Tips Section</a>
    <a href=”#tips”>Jump to the Useful Tips Section</a>

    Unordered list

    <ul>
    <li>First item</li>
    <li>Next item</li>
    </ul>

    Ordered list

    <ol>
    <li>First item</li>
    <li>Next item</li>
    </ol>

    Definition list

    <dl>
    <dt>First term</dt>
    <dd>Definition</dd>
    <dt>Next term</dt>
    <dd>Definition</dd>
    </dl>

    Tables

    <table border=”1″>
    <tr>
    <th>Tableheader</th>
    <th>Tableheader</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>sometext</td>
    <td>sometext</td>
    </tr>
    </table>

    Frames

    <frameset cols=”25%,75%”>
    <frame src=”page1.htm” />
    <frame src=”page2.htm” />
    </frameset>

    Forms

    <form action=”http://www.example.com/test.asp” method=”post/get”>

    <input type=”text” name=”email” value=”someone@example.com” size=”40″ maxlength=”50″ />
    <input type=”password” />
    <input type=”checkbox” checked=”checked” />
    <input type=”radio” checked=”checked” />
    <input type=”submit” />
    <input type=”reset” />
    <input type=”hidden” />

    <select>
    <option>Apples</option>
    <option selected=”selected”>Bananas</option>
    <option>Cherries</option>
    </select>

    <textarea name=”comment” rows=”60″ cols=”20″></textarea>

    </form>

    Entities

    &lt; is the same as <
    &gt; is the same as >
    © is the same as ©

    Other Elements

    <!– This is a comment –>

    <blockquote>
    Text quoted from a source.
    </blockquote>

    <address>
    Written by W3Schools.com<br />
    <a href=”mailto:us@example.org”>Email us</a><br />
    Address: Box 564, Disneyland<br />
    Phone: +12 34 56 78
    </address>

    Source : http://www.w3schools.com/html/html_quick.asp

    March 22nd, 2010

    HTML Color Values

    HTML Color Values


    Color Names Supported by All Browsers

    The list below is a complete list of the color names supported by all major browsers.

    You can click on a color name (or a hex value) to view the color as the background-color along with different text colors.


    Sorted by HEX Value

    Link: Same list sorted by names

    Color Name HEX Color Shades Mix
    Black #000000 Shades Mix
    Navy #000080 Shades Mix
    DarkBlue #00008B Shades Mix
    MediumBlue #0000CD Shades Mix
    Blue #0000FF Shades Mix
    DarkGreen #006400 Shades Mix
    Green #008000 Shades Mix
    Teal #008080 Shades Mix
    DarkCyan #008B8B Shades Mix
    DeepSkyBlue #00BFFF Shades Mix
    DarkTurquoise #00CED1 Shades Mix
    MediumSpringGreen #00FA9A Shades Mix
    Lime #00FF00 Shades Mix
    SpringGreen #00FF7F Shades Mix
    Aqua #00FFFF Shades Mix
    Cyan #00FFFF Shades Mix
    MidnightBlue #191970 Shades Mix
    DodgerBlue #1E90FF Shades Mix
    LightSeaGreen #20B2AA Shades Mix
    ForestGreen #228B22 Shades Mix
    SeaGreen #2E8B57 Shades Mix
    DarkSlateGray #2F4F4F Shades Mix
    LimeGreen #32CD32 Shades Mix
    MediumSeaGreen #3CB371 Shades Mix
    Turquoise #40E0D0 Shades Mix
    RoyalBlue #4169E1 Shades Mix
    SteelBlue #4682B4 Shades Mix
    DarkSlateBlue #483D8B Shades Mix
    MediumTurquoise #48D1CC Shades Mix
    Indigo #4B0082 Shades Mix
    DarkOliveGreen #556B2F Shades Mix
    CadetBlue #5F9EA0 Shades Mix
    CornflowerBlue #6495ED Shades Mix
    MediumAquaMarine #66CDAA Shades Mix
    DimGray #696969 Shades Mix
    SlateBlue #6A5ACD Shades Mix
    OliveDrab #6B8E23 Shades Mix
    SlateGray #708090 Shades Mix
    LightSlateGray #778899 Shades Mix
    MediumSlateBlue #7B68EE Shades Mix
    LawnGreen #7CFC00 Shades Mix
    Chartreuse #7FFF00 Shades Mix
    Aquamarine #7FFFD4 Shades Mix
    Maroon #800000 Shades Mix
    Purple #800080 Shades Mix
    Olive #808000 Shades Mix
    Gray #808080 Shades Mix
    SkyBlue #87CEEB Shades Mix
    LightSkyBlue #87CEFA Shades Mix
    BlueViolet #8A2BE2 Shades Mix
    DarkRed #8B0000 Shades Mix
    DarkMagenta #8B008B Shades Mix
    SaddleBrown #8B4513 Shades Mix
    DarkSeaGreen #8FBC8F Shades Mix
    LightGreen #90EE90 Shades Mix
    MediumPurple #9370D8 Shades Mix
    DarkViolet #9400D3 Shades Mix
    PaleGreen #98FB98 Shades Mix
    DarkOrchid #9932CC Shades Mix
    YellowGreen #9ACD32 Shades Mix
    Sienna #A0522D Shades Mix
    Brown #A52A2A Shades Mix
    DarkGray #A9A9A9 Shades Mix
    LightBlue #ADD8E6 Shades Mix
    GreenYellow #ADFF2F Shades Mix
    PaleTurquoise #AFEEEE Shades Mix
    LightSteelBlue #B0C4DE Shades Mix
    PowderBlue #B0E0E6 Shades Mix
    FireBrick #B22222 Shades Mix
    DarkGoldenRod #B8860B Shades Mix
    MediumOrchid #BA55D3 Shades Mix
    RosyBrown #BC8F8F Shades Mix
    DarkKhaki #BDB76B Shades Mix
    Silver #C0C0C0 Shades Mix
    MediumVioletRed #C71585 Shades Mix
    IndianRed #CD5C5C Shades Mix
    Peru #CD853F Shades Mix
    Chocolate #D2691E Shades Mix
    Tan #D2B48C Shades Mix
    LightGrey #D3D3D3 Shades Mix
    PaleVioletRed #D87093 Shades Mix
    Thistle #D8BFD8 Shades Mix
    Orchid #DA70D6 Shades Mix
    GoldenRod #DAA520 Shades Mix
    Crimson #DC143C Shades Mix
    Gainsboro #DCDCDC Shades Mix
    Plum #DDA0DD Shades Mix
    BurlyWood #DEB887 Shades Mix
    LightCyan #E0FFFF Shades Mix
    Lavender #E6E6FA Shades Mix
    DarkSalmon #E9967A Shades Mix
    Violet #EE82EE Shades Mix
    PaleGoldenRod #EEE8AA Shades Mix
    LightCoral #F08080 Shades Mix
    Khaki #F0E68C Shades Mix
    AliceBlue #F0F8FF Shades Mix
    HoneyDew #F0FFF0 Shades Mix
    Azure #F0FFFF Shades Mix
    SandyBrown #F4A460 Shades Mix
    Wheat #F5DEB3 Shades Mix
    Beige #F5F5DC Shades Mix
    WhiteSmoke #F5F5F5 Shades Mix
    MintCream #F5FFFA Shades Mix
    GhostWhite #F8F8FF Shades Mix
    Salmon #FA8072 Shades Mix
    AntiqueWhite #FAEBD7 Shades Mix
    Linen #FAF0E6 Shades Mix
    LightGoldenRodYellow #FAFAD2 Shades Mix
    OldLace #FDF5E6 Shades Mix
    Red #FF0000 Shades Mix
    Fuchsia #FF00FF Shades Mix
    Magenta #FF00FF Shades Mix
    DeepPink #FF1493 Shades Mix
    OrangeRed #FF4500 Shades Mix
    Tomato #FF6347 Shades Mix
    HotPink #FF69B4 Shades Mix
    Coral #FF7F50 Shades Mix
    Darkorange #FF8C00 Shades Mix
    LightSalmon #FFA07A Shades Mix
    Orange #FFA500 Shades Mix
    LightPink #FFB6C1 Shades Mix
    Pink #FFC0CB Shades Mix
    Gold #FFD700 Shades Mix
    PeachPuff #FFDAB9 Shades Mix
    NavajoWhite #FFDEAD Shades Mix
    Moccasin #FFE4B5 Shades Mix
    Bisque #FFE4C4 Shades Mix
    MistyRose #FFE4E1 Shades Mix
    BlanchedAlmond #FFEBCD Shades Mix
    PapayaWhip #FFEFD5 Shades Mix
    LavenderBlush #FFF0F5 Shades Mix
    SeaShell #FFF5EE Shades Mix
    Cornsilk #FFF8DC Shades Mix
    LemonChiffon #FFFACD Shades Mix
    FloralWhite #FFFAF0 Shades Mix
    Snow #FFFAFA Shades Mix
    Yellow #FFFF00 Shades Mix
    LightYellow #FFFFE0 Shades Mix
    Ivory #FFFFF0 Shades Mix
    White #FFFFFF Shades Mix

    Note: The names above are not a part of the W3C web standard.

    The W3C HTML and CSS standards have listed only 16 valid color names:
    aqua, black, blue, fuchsia, gray, green, lime, maroon, navy, olive, purple, red, silver, teal, white, and yellow.

    If you want valid HTML or CSS use the HEX values instead.

    March 22nd, 2010

    HTML Color Names

    HTML Color Names


    Color Names Supported by All Browsers

    The list below is a complete list of the color names supported by all major browsers.

    You can click on a color name (or a hex value) to view the color as the background-color along with different text colors.


    Sorted by Names

    Link: Same list sorted by values

    Color Name HEX Color Shades Mix
    AliceBlue #F0F8FF Shades Mix
    AntiqueWhite #FAEBD7 Shades Mix
    Aqua #00FFFF Shades Mix
    Aquamarine #7FFFD4 Shades Mix
    Azure #F0FFFF Shades Mix
    Beige #F5F5DC Shades Mix
    Bisque #FFE4C4 Shades Mix
    Black #000000 Shades Mix
    BlanchedAlmond #FFEBCD Shades Mix
    Blue #0000FF Shades Mix
    BlueViolet #8A2BE2 Shades Mix
    Brown #A52A2A Shades Mix
    BurlyWood #DEB887 Shades Mix
    CadetBlue #5F9EA0 Shades Mix
    Chartreuse #7FFF00 Shades Mix
    Chocolate #D2691E Shades Mix
    Coral #FF7F50 Shades Mix
    CornflowerBlue #6495ED Shades Mix
    Cornsilk #FFF8DC Shades Mix
    Crimson #DC143C Shades Mix
    Cyan #00FFFF Shades Mix
    DarkBlue #00008B Shades Mix
    DarkCyan #008B8B Shades Mix
    DarkGoldenRod #B8860B Shades Mix
    DarkGray #A9A9A9 Shades Mix
    DarkGreen #006400 Shades Mix
    DarkKhaki #BDB76B Shades Mix
    DarkMagenta #8B008B Shades Mix
    DarkOliveGreen #556B2F Shades Mix
    Darkorange #FF8C00 Shades Mix
    DarkOrchid #9932CC Shades Mix
    DarkRed #8B0000 Shades Mix
    DarkSalmon #E9967A Shades Mix
    DarkSeaGreen #8FBC8F Shades Mix
    DarkSlateBlue #483D8B Shades Mix
    DarkSlateGray #2F4F4F Shades Mix
    DarkTurquoise #00CED1 Shades Mix
    DarkViolet #9400D3 Shades Mix
    DeepPink #FF1493 Shades Mix
    DeepSkyBlue #00BFFF Shades Mix
    DimGray #696969 Shades Mix
    DodgerBlue #1E90FF Shades Mix
    FireBrick #B22222 Shades Mix
    FloralWhite #FFFAF0 Shades Mix
    ForestGreen #228B22 Shades Mix
    Fuchsia #FF00FF Shades Mix
    Gainsboro #DCDCDC Shades Mix
    GhostWhite #F8F8FF Shades Mix
    Gold #FFD700 Shades Mix
    GoldenRod #DAA520 Shades Mix
    Gray #808080 Shades Mix
    Green #008000 Shades Mix
    GreenYellow #ADFF2F Shades Mix
    HoneyDew #F0FFF0 Shades Mix
    HotPink #FF69B4 Shades Mix
    IndianRed #CD5C5C Shades Mix
    Indigo #4B0082 Shades Mix
    Ivory #FFFFF0 Shades Mix
    Khaki #F0E68C Shades Mix
    Lavender #E6E6FA Shades Mix
    LavenderBlush #FFF0F5 Shades Mix
    LawnGreen #7CFC00 Shades Mix
    LemonChiffon #FFFACD Shades Mix
    LightBlue #ADD8E6 Shades Mix
    LightCoral #F08080 Shades Mix
    LightCyan #E0FFFF Shades Mix
    LightGoldenRodYellow #FAFAD2 Shades Mix
    LightGrey #D3D3D3 Shades Mix
    LightGreen #90EE90 Shades Mix
    LightPink #FFB6C1 Shades Mix
    LightSalmon #FFA07A Shades Mix
    LightSeaGreen #20B2AA Shades Mix
    LightSkyBlue #87CEFA Shades Mix
    LightSlateGray #778899 Shades Mix
    LightSteelBlue #B0C4DE Shades Mix
    LightYellow #FFFFE0 Shades Mix
    Lime #00FF00 Shades Mix
    LimeGreen #32CD32 Shades Mix
    Linen #FAF0E6 Shades Mix
    Magenta #FF00FF Shades Mix
    Maroon #800000 Shades Mix
    MediumAquaMarine #66CDAA Shades Mix
    MediumBlue #0000CD Shades Mix
    MediumOrchid #BA55D3 Shades Mix
    MediumPurple #9370D8 Shades Mix
    MediumSeaGreen #3CB371 Shades Mix
    MediumSlateBlue #7B68EE Shades Mix
    MediumSpringGreen #00FA9A Shades Mix
    MediumTurquoise #48D1CC Shades Mix
    MediumVioletRed #C71585 Shades Mix
    MidnightBlue #191970 Shades Mix
    MintCream #F5FFFA Shades Mix
    MistyRose #FFE4E1 Shades Mix
    Moccasin #FFE4B5 Shades Mix
    NavajoWhite #FFDEAD Shades Mix
    Navy #000080 Shades Mix
    OldLace #FDF5E6 Shades Mix
    Olive #808000 Shades Mix
    OliveDrab #6B8E23 Shades Mix
    Orange #FFA500 Shades Mix
    OrangeRed #FF4500 Shades Mix
    Orchid #DA70D6 Shades Mix
    PaleGoldenRod #EEE8AA Shades Mix
    PaleGreen #98FB98 Shades Mix
    PaleTurquoise #AFEEEE Shades Mix
    PaleVioletRed #D87093 Shades Mix
    PapayaWhip #FFEFD5 Shades Mix
    PeachPuff #FFDAB9 Shades Mix
    Peru #CD853F Shades Mix
    Pink #FFC0CB Shades Mix
    Plum #DDA0DD Shades Mix
    PowderBlue #B0E0E6 Shades Mix
    Purple #800080 Shades Mix
    Red #FF0000 Shades Mix
    RosyBrown #BC8F8F Shades Mix
    RoyalBlue #4169E1 Shades Mix
    SaddleBrown #8B4513 Shades Mix
    Salmon #FA8072 Shades Mix
    SandyBrown #F4A460 Shades Mix
    SeaGreen #2E8B57 Shades Mix
    SeaShell #FFF5EE Shades Mix
    Sienna #A0522D Shades Mix
    Silver #C0C0C0 Shades Mix
    SkyBlue #87CEEB Shades Mix
    SlateBlue #6A5ACD Shades Mix
    SlateGray #708090 Shades Mix
    Snow #FFFAFA Shades Mix
    SpringGreen #00FF7F Shades Mix
    SteelBlue #4682B4 Shades Mix
    Tan #D2B48C Shades Mix
    Teal #008080 Shades Mix
    Thistle #D8BFD8 Shades Mix
    Tomato #FF6347 Shades Mix
    Turquoise #40E0D0 Shades Mix
    Violet #EE82EE Shades Mix
    Wheat #F5DEB3 Shades Mix
    White #FFFFFF Shades Mix
    WhiteSmoke #F5F5F5 Shades Mix
    Yellow #FFFF00 Shades Mix
    YellowGreen #9ACD32 Shades Mix

    Note: The names above are not a part of the W3C web standard.

    The W3C HTML and CSS standards have listed only 16 valid color names:
    aqua, black, blue, fuchsia, gray, green, lime, maroon, navy, olive, purple, red, silver, teal, white, and yellow.

    If you want valid HTML or CSS use the HEX values instead.

    March 22nd, 2010

    HTML Colors

    HTML Colors


    Colors are displayed combining RED, GREEN, and BLUE light.


    Color Values

    HTML colors are defined using a hexadecimal (hex) notation for the combination of Red, Green, and Blue color values (RGB).

    The lowest value that can be given to one of the light sources is 0 (hex 00). The highest value is 255 (hex FF).

    Hex values are written as 3 double digit numbers, starting with a # sign.

    Color Values

    Color Color HEX Color RGB
    #000000 rgb(0,0,0)
    #FF0000 rgb(255,0,0)
    #00FF00 rgb(0,255,0)
    #0000FF rgb(0,0,255)
    #FFFF00 rgb(255,255,0)
    #00FFFF rgb(0,255,255)
    #FF00FF rgb(255,0,255)
    #C0C0C0 rgb(192,192,192)
    #FFFFFF rgb(255,255,255)

    Try it yourself »


    16 Million Different Colors

    The combination of Red, Green and Blue values from 0 to 255 gives a total of more than 16 million different colors to play with (256 x 256 x 256).

    Most modern monitors are capable of displaying at least 16384 different colors.

    If you look at the color table below, you will see the result of varying the red light from 0 to 255, while keeping the green and blue light at zero.

    To see a full list of color mixes when the red light varies from 0 to 255, click on one of the hex or rgb values below.

    Red Light Color HEX Color RGB
    #000000 rgb(0,0,0)
    #080000 rgb(8,0,0)
    #100000 rgb(16,0,0)
    #180000 rgb(24,0,0)
    #200000 rgb(32,0,0)
    #280000 rgb(40,0,0)
    #300000 rgb(48,0,0)
    #380000 rgb(56,0,0)
    #400000 rgb(64,0,0)
    #480000 rgb(72,0,0)
    #500000 rgb(80,0,0)
    #580000 rgb(88,0,0)
    #600000 rgb(96,0,0)
    #680000 rgb(104,0,0)
    #700000 rgb(112,0,0)
    #780000 rgb(120,0,0)
    #800000 rgb(128,0,0)
    #880000 rgb(136,0,0)
    #900000 rgb(144,0,0)
    #980000 rgb(152,0,0)
    #A00000 rgb(160,0,0)
    #A80000 rgb(168,0,0)
    #B00000 rgb(176,0,0)
    #B80000 rgb(184,0,0)
    #C00000 rgb(192,0,0)
    #C80000 rgb(200,0,0)
    #D00000 rgb(208,0,0)
    #D80000 rgb(216,0,0)
    #E00000 rgb(224,0,0)
    #E80000 rgb(232,0,0)
    #F00000 rgb(240,0,0)
    #F80000 rgb(248,0,0)
    #FF0000 rgb(255,0,0)

    Shades of Gray

    Gray colors are displayed using an equal amount of power to all of the light sources. To make it easier for you to select the right gray color we have compiled a table of gray shades for you:

    Gray Shades Color HEX Color RGB
    #000000 rgb(0,0,0)
    #080808 rgb(8,8,8)
    #101010 rgb(16,16,16)
    #181818 rgb(24,24,24)
    #202020 rgb(32,32,32)
    #282828 rgb(40,40,40)
    #303030 rgb(48,48,48)
    #383838 rgb(56,56,56)
    #404040 rgb(64,64,64)
    #484848 rgb(72,72,72)
    #505050 rgb(80,80,80)
    #585858 rgb(88,88,88)
    #606060 rgb(96,96,96)
    #686868 rgb(104,104,104)
    #707070 rgb(112,112,112)
    #787878 rgb(120,120,120)
    #808080 rgb(128,128,128)
    #888888 rgb(136,136,136)
    #909090 rgb(144,144,144)
    #989898 rgb(152,152,152)
    #A0A0A0 rgb(160,160,160)
    #A8A8A8 rgb(168,168,168)
    #B0B0B0 rgb(176,176,176)
    #B8B8B8 rgb(184,184,184)
    #C0C0C0 rgb(192,192,192)
    #C8C8C8 rgb(200,200,200)
    #D0D0D0 rgb(208,208,208)
    #D8D8D8 rgb(216,216,216)
    #E0E0E0 rgb(224,224,224)
    #E8E8E8 rgb(232,232,232)
    #F0F0F0 rgb(240,240,240)
    #F8F8F8 rgb(248,248,248)
    #FFFFFF rgb(255,255,255)

    Cross-Browser Color Names

    A collection of nearly 150 color names are supported by all major browsers.

    View the cross-browser color names


    Web Standard Color Names

    The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) has listed 16 valid color names for HTML and CSS:

    aqua, black, blue, fuchsia, gray, green, lime, maroon, navy, olive, purple, red, silver, teal, white, and yellow.

    If you want to use other colors, you should specify their HEX value.


    Web Safe Colors?

    Some years ago, when computers supported max 256 different colors, a list of 216 “Web Safe Colors” was suggested as a Web standard, reserving 40 fixed system colors.

    The 216 cross-browser color palette was created to ensure that all computers would display the colors correctly when running a 256 color palette.

    This is not important now, since most computers can display millions of different colors. Anyway here is the list:

    000000 000033 000066 000099 0000CC 0000FF
    003300 003333 003366 003399 0033CC 0033FF
    006600 006633 006666 006699 0066CC 0066FF
    009900 009933 009966 009999 0099CC 0099FF
    00CC00 00CC33 00CC66 00CC99 00CCCC 00CCFF
    00FF00 00FF33 00FF66 00FF99 00FFCC 00FFFF
    330000 330033 330066 330099 3300CC 3300FF
    333300 333333 333366 333399 3333CC 3333FF
    336600 336633 336666 336699 3366CC 3366FF
    339900 339933 339966 339999 3399CC 3399FF
    33CC00 33CC33 33CC66 33CC99 33CCCC 33CCFF
    33FF00 33FF33 33FF66 33FF99 33FFCC 33FFFF
    660000 660033 660066 660099 6600CC 6600FF
    663300 663333 663366 663399 6633CC 6633FF
    666600 666633 666666 666699 6666CC 6666FF
    669900 669933 669966 669999 6699CC 6699FF
    66CC00 66CC33 66CC66 66CC99 66CCCC 66CCFF
    66FF00 66FF33 66FF66 66FF99 66FFCC 66FFFF
    990000 990033 990066 990099 9900CC 9900FF
    993300 993333 993366 993399 9933CC 9933FF
    996600 996633 996666 996699 9966CC 9966FF
    999900 999933 999966 999999 9999CC 9999FF
    99CC00 99CC33 99CC66 99CC99 99CCCC 99CCFF
    99FF00 99FF33 99FF66 99FF99 99FFCC 99FFFF
    CC0000 CC0033 CC0066 CC0099 CC00CC CC00FF
    CC3300 CC3333 CC3366 CC3399 CC33CC CC33FF
    CC6600 CC6633 CC6666 CC6699 CC66CC CC66FF
    CC9900 CC9933 CC9966 CC9999 CC99CC CC99FF
    CCCC00 CCCC33 CCCC66 CCCC99 CCCCCC CCCCFF
    CCFF00 CCFF33 CCFF66 CCFF99 CCFFCC CCFFFF
    FF0000 FF0033 FF0066 FF0099 FF00CC FF00FF
    FF3300 FF3333 FF3366 FF3399 FF33CC FF33FF
    FF6600 FF6633 FF6666 FF6699 FF66CC FF66FF
    FF9900 FF9933 FF9966 FF9999 FF99CC FF99FF
    FFCC00 FFCC33 FFCC66 FFCC99 FFCCCC FFCCFF
    FFFF00 FFFF33 FFFF66 FFFF99 FFFFCC FFFFFF

    March 22nd, 2010

    Analisis Sentimen ?

    Penggunaan komputer untuk menyimpan dokumen teks dalam bentuk file saat ini sudah banyak dilakukan. Setelah munculnya internet pada akhir tahun 1980 yang terkenal dengan World Wide Web (Yates & Neto, 1999) yang bertujuan untuk menyebarkan berita atau informasi kepada masyarakat di seluruh dunia, berbagai macam informasi semakin mudah didapatkan. Dilihat dari perkembangannya sekarang kurang lebih hampir 625 juta host (Internet Systems Consortium, 2010) di internet diakses oleh 1.733 juta orang di seluruh dunia (Internet World Stats, 2010) dengan menggunakan teknologi komputer sebagai media untuk penyimpanan dan pengaksesannya. Jumlah tersebut akan terus meningkat setiap tahunnya. Dari jumlah pemakaian komputer sampai saat ini membuat komputer merupakan salah satu alat yang dibutuhkan untuk mencari informasi.

    Dengan banyaknya jumlah informasi yang beredar di internet saat ini menimbulkan masalah untuk melakukan pencarian informasi yang diinginkan dengan cepat dan akurat. Menurut survey di Inggris pada tahun 2001, 36% pengguna internet di Inggris menghabiskan waktu selama dua jam di internet untuk mencari informasi yang akurat, dan sisanya sudah frustasi dalam dua belas menit jika tidak menemukan informasi yang diinginkannya (Nua Internet Surveys, 2002). Meningkatnya jumlah pengguna internet di Indonesia yang mencapai 30 juta pengguna atau 12,5% dari populasi dan meningkat sebanyak 1.150 % selama periode 2002 sampai dengan 2009(Internet World Stats, 2010) menunjukkan perkembangan pengguna internet yang sangat pesat seharusnya diimbangi dengan penyediaan metode-metode penyajian informasi yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan pengguna misalnya dalam hal bahasa yang digunakan dan penyediaan metode akses informasi yang sederhana.

    Popularitas search engine dalam pencarian informasi online semakin meningkat. Informasi yang ada di internet dapat dikategorikan ke dalam informasi yang berupa fakta dan pendapat. Information retrieval sampai saat ini focus kepada metode retrieve informasi yang dianggap sebagai fakta (informasi dianggap benar dan dapat diekspresikan dengan menggunakan kata kunci), sementara informasi yang berupa pendapat/opini belum menjadi fokus pencarian pada sebagian besar search engine karena strategi pengurutan pencarian tidak sesuai untuk pemrosesan pendapat atau opini (Liu, 2009).

    Sumber opini tersebar di berbagai media seperti surat kabar, televisi, forum diskusi dan internet dengan berbagai bentuk opini (blog, online review,malinglist). Di era sekarang ini, internet menjadi salah satu sumber yang cukup dominan terkait opini yang diberikan oleh masyarakat. Media pemberitaan online di Indonesia sudah menjadi media yang efektif dalam menjaring opini masyarakat mengenai suatu isu-isu yang uptodate. Dengan menggunakan opinion mining maka kita dapat secara otomatis mengekstak opini, emosi dan juga sentimen di dalam text. Pada sektor bisnis, model ini juga dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui rating sebuah produk, persepsi mengenai sebuah produk baru, persepsi terhadap merek dan  juga membantu masyarakt untuk mendapatkan opini (review) dalam skala global.

    March 22nd, 2010

    HTML Forms and Input

    HTML Forms and Input




    HTML Forms are used to select different kinds of user input.


    Examples

    Try-It-Yourself Examples

    Text fields
    This example demonstrates how to create text fields on an HTML page. A user can write text in a text field.

    Password fields
    This example demonstrates how to create a password field on an HTML page.

    (You can find more examples at the bottom of this page)


    Forms

    A form is an area that can contain form elements.

    Form elements are elements that allow the user to enter information (like text fields, textarea fields, drop-down menus, radio buttons, checkboxes, etc.) in a form.

    A form is defined with the <form> tag.

    <form>
    .
    input elements
    .
    </form>

    Input

    The most used form tag is the <input> tag. The type of input is specified with the type attribute. The most commonly used input types are explained below.

    Text Fields

    Text fields are used when you want the user to type letters, numbers, etc. in a form.

    <form>
    First name:
    <input type=”text” name=”firstname” />
    <br />
    Last name:
    <input type=”text” name=”lastname” />
    </form>

    How it looks in a browser:

    First name:
    Last name:

    Note that the form itself is not visible. Also note that in most browsers, the width of the text field is 20 characters by default.

    Radio Buttons

    Radio Buttons are used when you want the user to select one of a limited number of choices.

    <form>
    <input type=”radio” name=”sex” value=”male” /> Male
    <br />
    <input type=”radio” name=”sex” value=”female” /> Female
    </form>

    How it looks in a browser:

    Male
    Female

    Note that only one option can be chosen.

    Checkboxes

    Checkboxes are used when you want the user to select one or more options of a limited number of choices.

    <form>
    I have a bike:
    <input type=”checkbox” name=”vehicle” value=”Bike” />
    <br />
    I have a car:
    <input type=”checkbox” name=”vehicle” value=”Car” />
    <br />
    I have an airplane:
    <input type=”checkbox” name=”vehicle” value=”Airplane” />
    </form>

    How it looks in a browser:

    I have a bike:
    I have a car:
    I have an airplane:

    The Form’s Action Attribute and the Submit Button

    When the user clicks on the “Submit” button, the content of the form is sent to the server. The form’s action attribute defines the name of the file to send the content to. The file defined in the action attribute usually does something with the received input.

    <form name=”input” action=”html_form_submit.asp” method=”get”>
    Username:
    <input type=”text” name=”user” />
    <input type=”submit” value=”Submit” />
    </form>

    How it looks in a browser:

    Username:

    If you type some characters in the text field above, and click the “Submit” button, the browser will send your input to a page called “html_form_submit.asp”. The page will show you the received input.


    Try it More Examples

    Checkboxes
    This example demonstrates how to create check-boxes on an HTML page. A user can select or unselect a checkbox.

    Radio buttons
    This example demonstrates how to create radio-buttons on an HTML page.

    Simple drop down box
    This example demonstrates how to create a simple drop-down box on an HTML page. A drop-down box is a selectable list.

    Another drop down box
    This example demonstrates how to create a simple drop-down box with a pre-selected value.

    Textarea
    This example demonstrates how to create a text-area (a multi-line text input control). A user can write text in the text-area. In a text-area you can write an unlimited number of characters.

    Create a button
    This example demonstrates how to create a button. On the button you can define your own text.

    Fieldset around data
    This example demonstrates how to draw a border with a caption around your data.

    Try it Form Examples

    Form with input fields and a submit button
    This example demonstrates how to add a form to a page. The form contains two input fields and a submit button.

    Form with checkboxes
    This form contains three checkboxes, and a submit button.

    Form with radio buttons
    This form contains two radio buttons, and a submit button.

    Send e-mail from a form
    This example demonstrates how to send e-mail from a form.


    Form Tags

    Tag Description
    <form> Defines a form for user input
    <input> Defines an input field
    <textarea> Defines a text-area (a multi-line text input control)
    <label> Defines a label to a control
    <fieldset> Defines a fieldset
    <legend> Defines a caption for a fieldset
    <select> Defines a selectable list (a drop-down box)
    <optgroup> Defines an option group
    <option> Defines an option in the drop-down box
    <button> Defines a push button
    <isindex> Deprecated. Use <input> instead

    March 22nd, 2010

    HTML Lists

    HTML Lists


    HTML supports ordered, unordered and definition lists.


    HTML Lists

    • This is the first
    • This is the second
    • This is the third

    Examples

    Try-It-Yourself Examples

    Unordered list

    Ordered list

    (You can find more examples at the bottom of this page)


    Unordered Lists

    An unordered list is a list of items. The list items are marked with bullets (typically small black circles).

    An unordered list starts with the <ul> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.

    <ul>
    <li>Coffee</li>
    <li>Milk</li>
    </ul>

    Here is how it looks in a browser:

    • Coffee
    • Milk

    Inside a list item you can put paragraphs, line breaks, images, links, other lists, etc.


    Ordered Lists

    An ordered list is also a list of items. The list items are marked with numbers.

    An ordered list starts with the <ol> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.

    <ol>
    <li>Coffee</li>
    <li>Milk</li>
    </ol>

    Here is how it looks in a browser:

    1. Coffee
    2. Milk

    Inside a list item you can put paragraphs, line breaks, images, links, other lists, etc.


    Definition Lists

    A definition list is not a list of single items. It is a list of items (terms), with a description of each item (term).

    A definition list starts with a <dl> tag (definition list).

    Each term starts with a <dt> tag (definition term).

    Each description starts with a <dd> tag (definition description).

    <dl>
    <dt>Coffee</dt>
    <dd>Black hot drink</dd>
    <dt>Milk</dt>
    <dd>White cold drink</dd>
    </dl>

    Here is how it looks in a browser:

    Coffee
    Black hot drink
    Milk
    White cold drink

    Inside the <dd> tag you can put paragraphs, line breaks, images, links, other lists, etc.


    Examples

    More Examples

    Different types of ordered lists
    Demonstrates different types of ordered lists.

    Different types of unordered Lists
    Demonstrates different types of unordered lists.

    Nested list
    Demonstrates how you can nest lists.

    Nested list 2
    Demonstrates a more complicated nested list.

    Definition list
    Demonstrates a definition list.


    List Tags

    Tag Description
    <ol> Defines an ordered list
    <ul> Defines an unordered list
    <li> Defines a list item
    <dl> Defines a definition list
    <dt> Defines a term (an item) in a definition list
    <dd> Defines a description of a term in a definition list
    <dir> Deprecated. Use <ul> instead
    <menu> Deprecated. Use <ul> instead

    March 22nd, 2010

    HTML Tables

    HTML Tables

    HTML Tables

    Apples 44%
    Bananas 23%
    Oranges 13%
    Other 10%

    Examples

    Try it Yourself – Examples

    Tables
    How to define tables in an HTML document.

    Table borders
    This example demonstrates different table borders.

    More examples at the bottom of the page.


    Tables

    Tables are defined with the <table> tag. A table is divided into rows (with the <tr> tag), and each row is divided into data cells (with the <td> tag). The letters td stands for “table data,” which is the content of a data cell. A data cell can contain text, images, lists, paragraphs, forms, horizontal rules, tables, etc.

    <table border=”1″>
    <tr>
    <td>row 1, cell 1</td>
    <td>row 1, cell 2</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>row 2, cell 1</td>
    <td>row 2, cell 2</td>
    </tr>
    </table>

    How it looks in a browser:

    row 1, cell 1 row 1, cell 2
    row 2, cell 1 row 2, cell 2

    Tables and the Border Attribute

    If you do not specify a border attribute the table will be displayed without any borders. Sometimes this can be useful, but most of the time, you want the borders to show.

    To display a table with borders, you will have to use the border attribute:

    <table border=”1″>
    <tr>
    <td>Row 1, cell 1</td>
    <td>Row 1, cell 2</td>
    </tr>
    </table>

    Headings in a Table

    Headings in a table are defined with the <th> tag.

    <table border=”1″>
    <tr>
    <th>Heading</th>
    <th>Another Heading</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>row 1, cell 1</td>
    <td>row 1, cell 2</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>row 2, cell 1</td>
    <td>row 2, cell 2</td>
    </tr>
    </table>

    How it looks in a browser:

    Heading Another Heading
    row 1, cell 1 row 1, cell 2
    row 2, cell 1 row 2, cell 2

    Empty Cells in a Table

    Table cells with no content are not displayed very well in most browsers.

    <table border=”1″>
    <tr>
    <td>row 1, cell 1</td>
    <td>row 1, cell 2</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>row 2, cell 1</td>
    <td></td>
    </tr>
    </table>

    How it looks in a browser:

    row 1, cell 1 row 1, cell 2
    row 2, cell 1

    Note that the borders around the empty table cell are missing (NB! Mozilla Firefox displays the border).

    To avoid this, add a non-breaking space (&nbsp;) to empty data cells, to make the borders visible:

    <table border=”1″>
    <tr>
    <td>row 1, cell 1</td>
    <td>row 1, cell 2</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>row 2, cell 1</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    </table>

    How it looks in a browser:

    row 1, cell 1 row 1, cell 2
    row 2, cell 1

    Basic Notes – Useful Tips

    The <thead>,<tbody> and <tfoot> elements are seldom used, because of bad browser support. Expect this to change in future versions of XHTML. If you have Internet Explorer 5.0 or newer, you can view a working example in our XML tutorial.


    Examples

    More Examples

    Table with no border
    This example demonstrates a table with no borders.

    Headings in a table
    This example demonstrates how to display table headers.

    Empty cells
    This example demonstrates how to use “&nbsp;” to handle cells that have no content.

    Table with a caption
    This example demonstrates a table with a caption.

    Table cells that span more than one row/column
    This example demonstrates how to define table cells that span more than one row or one column.

    Tags inside a table
    This example demonstrates how to display elements inside other elements.

    Cell padding
    This example demonstrates how to use cellpadding to create more white space between the cell content and its borders.

    Cell spacing
    This example demonstrates how to use cellspacing to increase the distance between the cells.

    Add a background color or a background image to a table
    This example demonstrates how to add a background to a table.

    Add a background color or a background image to a table cell
    This example demonstrates how to add a background to one or more table cells.

    Align the content in a table cell
    This example demonstrates how to use the “align” attribute to align the content of cells, to create a “nice-looking” table.

    The frame attribute
    This example demonstrates how to use the “frame” attribute to control the borders around the table.

    The frame and border attributes
    How to use the “frame” and “border” attributes to control the borders around the table.


    Table Tags

    Tag Description
    <table> Defines a table
    <th> Defines a table header
    <tr> Defines a table row
    <td> Defines a table cell
    <caption> Defines a table caption
    <colgroup> Defines groups of table columns
    <col> Defines the attribute values for one or more columns in a table
    <thead> Defines a table head
    <tbody> Defines a table body
    <tfoot> Defines a table footer

    March 22nd, 2010

    HTML Images

    HTML Images

    Example

    Norwegian Mountain Trip

    Pulpit Rock

    Try it yourself »


    Examples

    Try it Yourself – Examples

    Insert images
    This example demonstrates how to insert images to your Web page.

    Insert images from different locations
    This example demonstrates how to insert an image from another folder or another server.

    (You can find more examples at the bottom of this page)


    The Image Tag and the Src Attribute

    In HTML, images are defined with the <img> tag.

    The <img> tag is empty, which means that it contains attributes only and it has no closing tag.

    To display an image on a page, you need to use the src attribute. Src stands for “source”. The value of the src attribute is the URL of the image you want to display on your page.

    The syntax of defining an image:

    <img src=”url” />

    The URL points to the location where the image is stored. An image named “boat.gif” located in the directory “images” on “www.w3schools.com” has the URL: http://www.w3schools.com/images/boat.gif.

    The browser puts the image where the image tag occurs in the document. If you put an image tag between two paragraphs, the browser shows the first paragraph, then the image, and then the second paragraph.


    The Alt Attribute

    The alt attribute is used to define an “alternate text” for an image. The value of the alt attribute is an author-defined text:

    <img src=”boat.gif” alt=”Big Boat” />

    The “alt” attribute tells the reader what he or she is missing on a page if the browser can’t load images. The browser will then display the alternate text instead of the image. It is a good practice to include the “alt” attribute for each image on a page, to improve the display and usefulness of your document for people who have text-only browsers.


    Basic Notes – Useful Tips

    If an HTML file contains ten images – eleven files are required to display the page right. Loading images take time, so my best advice is: Use images carefully.


    Examples

    More Examples

    Background image
    This example demonstrates how to add a background image to an HTML page.

    Aligning images
    This example demonstrates how to align an image within the text.

    Let the image float
    This example demonstrates how to let an image float to the left or right of a paragraph.

    Adjust images to different sizes
    This example demonstrates how to adjust images to different sizes.

    Display an alternate text for an image
    This example demonstrates how to display an alternate text for an image if a browser cannot display the image. You should always include the alt attribute for images.

    Make a hyperlink of an image
    This example demonstrates how to use an image as a link.

    Create an image map
    This example demonstrates how to create an image map, with clickable regions. Each of the regions is a hyperlink.


    Image Tags

    Tag Description
    <img> Defines an image
    <map> Defines an image map
    <area> Defines a clickable area inside an image map

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